Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) 2000

General Information

Technologies must be operated and maintained in accordance with Federal and Department security and privacy policies and guidelines. More information on the proper use of the TRM can be found on the TRM Proper Use Tab/Section.

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Description:	Joint Photographic Experts Group JPEG 2000 is an image compression standard and coding system based on wavelet technology. This standard defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods for coding bi-level, continuous-tone gray-scale, palletized color, or continuous-tone color digital still images. This standard is published as International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) 15444.
Technology/Standard Usage Requirements:	Users must ensure their use of this technology/standard is consistent with VA policies and standards, including, but not limited to, VA Handbooks 6102 and 6500; VA Directives 6004, 6513, and 6517; and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards, including Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS). Users must ensure sensitive data is properly protected in compliance with all VA regulations. Prior to use of this technology, users should check with their supervisor, Information Security Officer (ISO), Facility Chief Information Officer (CIO), or local Office of Information and Technology (OI&T) representative to ensure that all actions are consistent with current VA policies and procedures prior to implementation.
Section 508 Information:
Decision:	View Decisions

Decision Source:	TRM Mgmt Group
Decision Process:	One-VA TRM v23.1
Decision Date:	01/11/2023 at 18:22:31 UTC
Introduced By:	TRMSP
Standards Body:	ISO

Vendor Release Information

The Vendor Release table provides the known releases for the TRM Industry Standard, obtained from the vendor (or from the release source).

Version	Release Date	Vendor End of Life Date	Vendor Desupport Date
ISO/IEC 15444	12/01/2000

Current Decision Matrix (01/04/2023)

Users must ensure their use of this technology/standard is consistent with VA policies and standards, including, but not limited to, VA Handbooks 6102 and 6500; VA Directives 6004, 6513, and 6517; and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards, including Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS). Users must ensure sensitive data is properly protected in compliance with all VA regulations. Prior to use of this technology, users should check with their supervisor, Information Security Officer (ISO), Facility Chief Information Officer (CIO), or local Office of Information and Technology (OI&T) representative to ensure that all actions are consistent with current VA policies and procedures prior to implementation.

The VA Decision Matrix displays the current and future VA IT position regarding different releases of a TRM entry. These decisions are based upon the best information available as of the most current date. The consumer of this information has the responsibility to consult the organizations responsible for the desktop, testing, and/or production environments to ensure that the target version of the technology will be supported. Any major.minor version that is not listed in the VA Decision Matrix is considered unapproved for use.

Legend:

White	Approved: The technology/standard has been approved for use.
Yellow	Approved w/Constraints: The technology/standard can be used within the specified constraints located below the decision matrix in the footnote[1] and on the General tab.
Gray	Unapproved: This technology or standard can be used only if a POA&M review is conducted and signed by the Authorizing Official Designated Representative (AODR) as designated by the Authorizing Official (AO) or designee and based upon a recommendation from the POA&M Compliance Enforcement, has been granted to the project team or organization that wishes to use the technology.
Orange	Divest: VA has decided to divest itself on the use of the technology/standard. As a result, all projects currently utilizing the technology/standard must plan to eliminate their use of the technology/standard. Additional information on when the entry is projected to become unapproved may be found on the Decision tab for the specific entry.
Black	Prohibited: The technology/standard is not (currently) permitted to be used under any circumstances.
Blue	Planning/Evaluation Constraint:The period of time this technology is currently being evaluated, reviewed, and tested in controlled environments. Use of this technology is strictly controlled and not available for use within the general population. If a customer would like to use this technology, please work with your local or Regional OI&T office and contact the appropriate evaluation office displayed in the notes below the decision matrix. The Local or Regional OI&T office should submit an inquiry to the TRM if they require further assistance or if the evaluating office is not listed in the notes below.

Release/Version Information:

VA decisions for specific versions may include a ‘.x’ wildcard, which denotes a decision that pertains to a range of multiple versions.

For example, a technology approved with a decision for 7.x would cover any version of 7.(Anything) - 7.(Anything). However, a 7.4.x decision would cover any version of 7.4.(Anything), but would not cover any version of 7.5.x or 7.6.x on the TRM.

VA decisions for specific versions may include ‘+’ symbols; which denotes that the decision for the version specified also includes versions greater than what is specified but is not to exceed or affect previous decimal places.

For example, a technology approved with a decision for 12.6.4+ would cover any version that is greater than 12.6.4, but would not exceed the .6 decimal ie: 12.6.401 is ok, 12.6.5 is ok, 12.6.9 is ok, however 12.7.0 or 13.0 is not.

Release	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
<Past	CY2021				CY2022				CY2023				Future>
ISO/IEC 15444	Unapproved	Unapproved	Unapproved	Unapproved	Unapproved	Unapproved	Unapproved	Unapproved	Approved	Approved	Approved	Approved
Note:	At the time of writing, version ISO/IEC 15444 is the most current version released for the Standard.

References

The following reference(s) are associated with this entry:
Type	Name	Source	Description
There are no references identified for this entry.

Standard Components

Note: This list may not be complete. No component, listed or unlisted, may be used outside of the technology in which it is released. The usage decision for a component is found in the Decision and Decision Constraints.
Source	Name	Description
ISO/IEC 15444-1	Part 1: Core coding system	Part 1 defines the core of JPEG 2000: the syntax of a JPEG 2000 codestream and the necessary steps involved in decoding JPEG 2000 images, with informative guidance for encoders. Part 1 also defines a basic file format called JP2, which allows metadata such as color space information and IP rights to be provided with a JPEG 2000 codestream.
ISO/IEC 15444-10	Part 10: JP3D	Part 10 is the volumetric extension of JPEG 2000 Part 1. It explicitly defines the notion of an extra spatial dimension (the Z-dimension), extending key JPEG 2000 concepts such as tiles, precincts and code-blocks to all three dimensions, so as to provide resolution- and region-of-interest accessibility properties in 3D. Part 10 also adds support for wavelet decomposition structures that extend hierarchically in all three dimensions.
ISO/IEC 15444-11	Part 11: Wireless	This document provides a syntax that allows JPEG 2000 coded image data to be protected for transmission over wireless channels and networks. Protection services include error detection and correction capability for header and bitstream, description of the error sensitivity of different portions of the compressed data, and description of possible residual errors in the compressed data. The syntax allows these protection services to be applied to coded image data in part or in their entirety. These services are designed so as to maintain the inherent features of JPEG 2000, such as scalability and access to various spatial areas, resolution levels, color components, and quality layers, while providing protection services on these elements.
ISO/IEC 15444-12	Part 12: ISO base media file format	This part has been withdrawn.
ISO/IEC 15444-13	Part 13: An entry level JPEG 2000 encoder	This document defines a normative entry level JPEG 2000 encoder providing one or more optional complete encoding paths that use various features defined in this standard. It provides for an entry-level encoder that can be used in various applications with guidelines on its use, based on patents for which royalty and license fee free declarations are available.
ISO/IEC 15444-14	Part 14: JPXML	Part 14 specifies an XML representation of the JPEG 2000 file format and marker segments, along with methods to for accessing the internal data of a JPEG 2000 image.
ISO/IEC 15444-15	Part 15: High-throughput JPEG 2000	Part 15 speeds-up JPEG 2000 by an order of magnitude at the expense of slightly reduced coding efficiency. The resulting HTJ2K system retains JPEG 2000`s advanced features, with reduced quality scalability, while being faster and much more efficient than traditional JPEG. This is achieved by replacing the Part 1 block coder with an innovative block coder for today`s vectorized computing architectures. This also allows mathematically lossless transcoding to/from legacy JPEG 2000. Part 15 is intended to be royalty-free.
ISO/IEC 15444-16	Part 16: Wrapping in HEIF	Part 16 specifies the carriage of JPEG 2000 codestreams in ISO/IEC 23008-12, commonly referred to as HEIF. A revision is underway to support more flexible wrapping of all JPEG 2000 codestreams, including HTJ2K.
ISO/IEC 15444-17	Part 17: Extensions for coding of discontinuous media	Part 17, currently under development, introduces alternate “breakpoint-dependent” spatial wavelet transforms that dependent on an auxiliary image component, known as a “breakpoint component`, and scalable coding technologies for these breakpoint components. This improves the coding of media with hard discontinuities. An important example of such media is depth imagery, where each image sample is related to the length of the 3D line segment between the corresponding scene point and the camera. Depth imagery includes stereo disparity maps, where sample values are reciprocally related to depth. Another example of media with strong discontinuities is optical flow data, where each sample location is a two-dimensional vector. In these examples, discontinuities arise naturally at the boundaries of scene objects.
ISO/IEC 15444-2	Part 2: Extensions	This document specifies various extensions to Part 1.
ISO/IEC 15444-3	Part 3: Motion JPEG 2000	This document specifies the use of the wavelet-based JPEG 2000 codec for the coding and display of timed sequences of images (motion sequences), possibly combined with audio, and composed into an overall presentation. In this specification, a file format is defined, and guidelines for the use of the JPEG 2000 codec for motion sequences are supplied.
ISO/IEC 15444-4	Part 4: Conformance testing	This document specifies the framework, concepts, methodology for testing, and criteria to be achieved to claim compliance with Part 1. It provides a framework for specifying abstract test suites and for defining the procedures to be followed during compliance testing.
ISO/IEC 15444-5	Part 5: Reference software	This document provides three independently created software reference implementations in order to assist implementers of Part 1 in testing and understanding its content.
ISO/IEC 15444-6	Part 6: Compound image file format (JPM)	This document defines the JPM file format for document imaging. JPM is an extension of the file format defined in Part 1.
ISO/IEC 15444-8	Part 8: JPEG 2000 Secured (JPSEC)	Part 8 standardizes tools to ensure the security of transaction, protection of contents (IPR), and protection of technologies (IP), and to allow applications to generate, consume, and exchange JPEG 2000 secured bitstreams.
ISO/IEC 15444-9	Part 9: Interactivity tools, application programming interfaces (APIs), and protocols	This document defines, in an extensible manner, syntaxes and methods for the remote interrogation and optional modification of JPEG 2000 codestreams and files. The defined syntaxes and methods are referred to as the JPEG 2000 Interactive Protocol, JPIP, and interactive applications using JPIP are referred to as JPIP systems.

VA Categories View the VA Categorization Framework

Domain Area	Category	Customer Guidance	Category Locked By ELT Date
Collaboration and Electronic Workplace Productivity Software	File Manager and Viewer

Technologies/Standards Relationships

Implemented By/Verified With:

Adobe Photoshop Creative Cloud (CC) - (implemented by)
ImageGear Software Development Kit (SDK) - (implemented by)
ImageMagick - (implemented by)
Snagit - (implemented by)

Comparable Standards:

Associated Standards:

No standards have been associated with this standard.

General Analysis

Adoption Benefits

This is a mature and well-documented standard.
This standard supports a domain-specific metadata in file format.
This standard supports any bit depth, such as 16 and 32-bit floating point pixel images, and any color space.
This standard provides lossless and lossy compression capabilities for still images.
The ability of the design to handle a very large range of effective bit rates is one of the strengths of this standard.
This standard architecture lends itself to a wide range of uses from portable digital cameras to advance pre-press and medical imaging.

Adoption Risks

This standard is not widely supported in web browsers, and hence is not generally used on the internet.

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Vendor Release Information

Current Decision Matrix (01/04/2023)

References

Standard Components

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Technologies/Standards Relationships

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Associated Standards:

General Analysis

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Current Decision Matrix (01/04/2023)

References

Standard Components

VA Categories View the VA Categorization Framework

Technologies/Standards Relationships

Implemented By/Verified With:

Comparable Standards:

Associated Standards:

General Analysis

Adoption Benefits

Adoption Risks

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